Īfter the Treaty of Greenville in 1795 forced the Native Americans from most of Ohio, European settlers came to the area. A group of Shawnees from Logstown also joined them. In 1758 a settlement was established at this site by Shawnee Indians who had been forced to abandon their village of Lower Shawneetown after it was destroyed by floods in November of that year. Other population centers named Chillicothe in Ohio at one time include: one located at present-day Piqua, in Miami County one located south of present-day Circleville, Pickaway County, on the Scioto River a third about three miles (4.8 km) north of Xenia in Greene County, Ohio a fourth at present-day Frankfort, Ross County, on Paint Creek and a fifth also located in Ross County, at Hopetown, three miles north of modern Chillicothe. Present-day Chillicothe is the most recent of seven locations in Ohio that bore the name, because it was applied to the main town wherever the Chalakatha settled. Later Native Americans who inhabited the area through the time of European contact included Shawnees. They built earthen mounds for ceremonial and burial purposes throughout the Scioto and Ohio River valleys. This Amerindian culture had trade routes extending to the Rocky Mountains. The region around Chillicothe was the center of the ancient Hopewell tradition, which flourished from 200 BC until 500 AD. Chillicothe is a designated Tree City USA by the National Arbor Day Foundation. The population was 22,059 at the 2020 census. It is the only city in Ross County and is the center of the Chillicothe micropolitan area. Located along the Scioto River 45 miles (72 km) south of Columbus, Chillicothe was the first and third capital of Ohio. Chillicothe ( / ˌ tʃ ɪ l ɪ ˈ k ɒ θ i/ CHIL-ih- KOTH-ee) is a city in and the county seat of Ross County, Ohio, United States.

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